The urban area of Mapungubwe situated on the northern border appears as the first instance of an isolated urban agglomeration with political and economic functions. Davies in 1972, which we have reshaped and (.)Ģ Towns in the pre-colonial period were rare, but there were some, so that it is justified to refer to a “pre-colonial stage” 2 which more widely concerns southern Africa, and only the margins of the present South Africa. 2 This chronology is derived from that established by R.J.A town and city system halfway between developing country and new emerging country: advanced urbanisation Colonisation, urban frontiers and the occupation of the territory (generation of towns and cities) It is for this reason that the South African town and city system is often presented as being specific or unique, and difficult to compare with any other, all the more so because the different populations have not had the same rates of growth 1, so that the whole system is very heterogeneous. The processes of urbanisation were then subjected to a shaping process in the form of the spatial and ethnic apartheid policies, on national scale and on intra-urban scale. 1 This refers to the racial classification in force under apartheid, which divided the population int (.)ġ The urbanisation of South Africa occurred in rather unique circumstances, linked first of all to the different phases of economic development which gave the main role to port cities on the periphery, and later to mining cities in the interior.
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